UPDATE 19. August: Windows Update Blocks SiteKiosk Autostart

[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Automatic', SupportsShouldProcess)]
param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory, ParameterSetName = 'Explicit', Position = 0)]
    [Alias('Account')]
    [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
    [string] $UserName,

    [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Explicit', Position = 1)]
    [AllowEmptyString()]
    [string] $Domain,

    [Parameter()]
    [Alias('LogFile')]
    [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
    [string] $LogPath,

    [Parameter()]
    [switch] $Restart
)

Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'

$siteKioskSettingsPath = 'SOFTWARE\PROVISIO\SiteKiosk'
$installerSettingsPath = 'SOFTWARE\PROVISIO\{A1625B78-854F-4AB7-B99D-A52EF6E94C8A}'
$classicSecurityWizardPath = 'SOFTWARE\PROVISIO\SecurityWizard'
$requiredFileRights = [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights] (
    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::ReadAttributes -bor
    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::ReadData -bor
    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::ReadExtendedAttributes -bor
    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::ReadPermissions -bor
    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::WriteData -bor
    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::AppendData -bor
    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::WriteAttributes -bor
    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::WriteExtendedAttributes -bor
    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::Delete -bor
    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::Synchronize
)
$requiredDirectoryRights = (
    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::CreateFiles
)
$repairLogPath = $null
$repairLogEncoding = [System.Text.UTF8Encoding]::new($false)
$repairErrorWasLogged = $false


function Initialize-RepairLog {
    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($LogPath)) {
        return
    }

    try {
        $candidatePath = if ([System.IO.Path]::IsPathRooted($LogPath)) {
            $LogPath
        }
        else {
            Join-Path -Path (Get-Location).ProviderPath -ChildPath $LogPath
        }

        $script:repairLogPath = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($candidatePath)
        $parentPath = [System.IO.Path]::GetDirectoryName($script:repairLogPath)

        if (
            -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($parentPath) -and
            -not [System.IO.Directory]::Exists($parentPath)
        ) {
            [void] [System.IO.Directory]::CreateDirectory($parentPath)
        }

        [System.IO.File]::AppendAllText(
            $script:repairLogPath,
            "`r`n$(Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff zzz') " +
                "[INFO] Repair started by '$([System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().Name)'.`r`n",
            $script:repairLogEncoding
        )
    }
    catch {
        throw "Unable to initialize the log file '$LogPath': $($_.Exception.Message)"
    }
}


function Write-RepairLog {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateSet('INFO', 'WARN', 'ERROR')]
        [string] $Level,

        [AllowNull()]
        [AllowEmptyString()]
        [object] $Message
    )

    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($script:repairLogPath)) {
        return
    }

    $text = if ($null -eq $Message) { '' } else { [string] $Message }
    $lines = [System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex]::Split($text, '\r?\n')
    $timestamp = Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff zzz'
    $logText = ($lines | ForEach-Object {
        "$timestamp [$Level] $_"
    }) -join "`r`n"

    [System.IO.File]::AppendAllText(
        $script:repairLogPath,
        $logText + "`r`n",
        $script:repairLogEncoding
    )
}


function Write-RepairHost {
    param(
        [AllowNull()]
        [AllowEmptyString()]
        [object] $Message
    )

    Write-RepairLog -Level INFO -Message $Message
    Write-Host $Message
}


function Write-RepairWarning {
    param(
        [AllowNull()]
        [AllowEmptyString()]
        [object] $Message
    )

    Write-RepairLog -Level WARN -Message $Message
    Write-Warning $Message
}


function Write-RepairError {
    param(
        [AllowNull()]
        [AllowEmptyString()]
        [object] $Message
    )

    $script:repairErrorWasLogged = $true
    Write-RepairLog -Level ERROR -Message $Message
    Write-Error $Message -ErrorAction Continue
}


function Get-RegistryViews {
    if ([Environment]::Is64BitOperatingSystem) {
        [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryView]::Registry64
    }

    [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryView]::Registry32
}


function Test-EnabledRegistryValue {
    param(
        [AllowNull()]
        [object] $Value
    )

    $text = [Convert]::ToString($Value)

    return (
        [string]::Equals(
            $text,
            'true',
            [StringComparison]::InvariantCultureIgnoreCase
        ) -or
        $text -eq '1'
    )
}


function Get-RegistryUser {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryView] $RegistryView,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string] $RegistryPath,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string] $UserNameValue,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string] $DomainValue,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string] $Source,

        [switch] $RequireInstallerCreatedUser
    )

    $baseKey = $null
    $registryKey = $null

    try {
        $baseKey = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]::OpenBaseKey(
            [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryHive]::LocalMachine,
            $RegistryView
        )

        $registryKey = $baseKey.OpenSubKey($RegistryPath, $false)

        if ($null -eq $registryKey) {
            return
        }

        if (
            $RequireInstallerCreatedUser -and
            -not (Test-EnabledRegistryValue `
                -Value $registryKey.GetValue('CREATESITEKIOSKUSER'))
        ) {
            return
        }

        $userName = $registryKey.GetValue($UserNameValue) -as [string]
        $domain = $registryKey.GetValue($DomainValue) -as [string]

        if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($userName)) {
            return
        }

        [PSCustomObject]@{
            UserName = $userName
            Domain   = $domain
            Source   = $Source
        }
    }
    finally {
        if ($null -ne $registryKey) {
            $registryKey.Dispose()
        }

        if ($null -ne $baseKey) {
            $baseKey.Dispose()
        }
    }
}


function ConvertTo-ResolvedUser {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [PSCustomObject] $Candidate,

        [switch] $IgnoreResolutionFailure
    )

    $candidateSid = $Candidate.PSObject.Properties['Sid']

    if (
        $null -ne $candidateSid -and
        -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($candidateSid.Value)
    ) {
        try {
            $securityIdentifier = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new(
                $candidateSid.Value
            )
            $resolvedAccount = $securityIdentifier.Translate(
                [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]
            ).Value
        }
        catch {
            $message = (
                "The SID '$($candidateSid.Value)' from " +
                "'$($Candidate.Source)' could not be resolved: " +
                $_.Exception.Message
            )

            if ($IgnoreResolutionFailure) {
                Write-RepairWarning $message
                return
            }

            throw $message
        }

        $separator = $resolvedAccount.IndexOf('\')
        $resolvedDomain = if ($separator -ge 0) {
            $resolvedAccount.Substring(0, $separator)
        }
        else {
            ''
        }
        $resolvedUserName = if ($separator -ge 0) {
            $resolvedAccount.Substring($separator + 1)
        }
        else {
            $resolvedAccount
        }

        return [PSCustomObject]@{
            UserName = $resolvedUserName
            Domain   = $resolvedDomain
            Sid      = $securityIdentifier.Value
            Sources  = @($Candidate.Source)
        }
    }

    $userName = $Candidate.UserName.Trim()
    $domain = $Candidate.Domain
    $qualifiedSeparator = $userName.IndexOf('\')

    if ($qualifiedSeparator -ge 0) {
        if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($domain)) {
            throw (
                "The account '$userName' is already qualified. " +
                'Do not specify Domain as well.'
            )
        }

        $domain = $userName.Substring(0, $qualifiedSeparator)
        $userName = $userName.Substring($qualifiedSeparator + 1)

        if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($userName)) {
            throw "The qualified account name does not contain a user name."
        }
    }

    if (
        [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($domain) -or
        $domain -eq '.'
    ) {
        $domain = $env:COMPUTERNAME
    }

    $ntAccount = if ($userName.Contains('@')) {
        [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new($userName)
    }
    else {
        [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new($domain, $userName)
    }

    try {
        $securityIdentifier = $ntAccount.Translate(
            [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]
        )
        $resolvedAccount = $securityIdentifier.Translate(
            [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]
        ).Value
    }
    catch {
        $message = (
            "The account '$domain\$userName' from " +
            "'$($Candidate.Source)' could not be resolved: " +
            $_.Exception.Message
        )

        if ($IgnoreResolutionFailure) {
            Write-RepairWarning $message
            return
        }

        throw $message
    }

    $separator = $resolvedAccount.IndexOf('\')

    return [PSCustomObject]@{
        UserName = if ($separator -ge 0) {
            $resolvedAccount.Substring($separator + 1)
        }
        else {
            $resolvedAccount
        }
        Domain   = if ($separator -ge 0) {
            $resolvedAccount.Substring(0, $separator)
        }
        else {
            ''
        }
        Sid      = $securityIdentifier.Value
        Sources  = @($Candidate.Source)
    }
}


function Test-RunningElevated {
    $identity = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
    $principal = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal]::new($identity)

    return $principal.IsInRole(
        [System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator
    )
}


function Get-RegistrySidUser {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryView] $RegistryView,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string] $RegistryPath,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string] $SidValue,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string] $Source
    )

    $baseKey = $null
    $registryKey = $null

    try {
        $baseKey = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]::OpenBaseKey(
            [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryHive]::LocalMachine,
            $RegistryView
        )
        $registryKey = $baseKey.OpenSubKey($RegistryPath, $false)

        if ($null -eq $registryKey) {
            return
        }

        $sid = $registryKey.GetValue($SidValue) -as [string]

        if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($sid)) {
            return
        }

        [PSCustomObject]@{
            Sid      = $sid
            Source   = $Source
        }
    }
    finally {
        if ($null -ne $registryKey) {
            $registryKey.Dispose()
        }

        if ($null -ne $baseKey) {
            $baseKey.Dispose()
        }
    }
}


function Get-SiteKioskUsers {
    $candidates = @(
        foreach ($registryView in Get-RegistryViews) {
            Get-RegistryUser `
                -RegistryView $registryView `
                -RegistryPath $siteKioskSettingsPath `
                -UserNameValue 'UserName' `
                -DomainValue 'Domain' `
                -Source 'Currently configured SiteKiosk Online user'

            Get-RegistryUser `
                -RegistryView $registryView `
                -RegistryPath $installerSettingsPath `
                -UserNameValue 'SITEKIOSKUSERNAME' `
                -DomainValue 'SITEKIOSKUSERDOMAIN' `
                -Source 'SiteKiosk Online user created by the installer' `
                -RequireInstallerCreatedUser
        }

        # SiteKiosk Classic is a 32-bit application and stores the SID of its
        # restricted user directly in this registry view.
        Get-RegistrySidUser `
            -RegistryView ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryView]::Registry32) `
            -RegistryPath $classicSecurityWizardPath `
            -SidValue 'RestrictedUser' `
            -Source 'Restricted SiteKiosk Classic user'

        # The Classic installer always creates this local account. Keep it as a
        # separate candidate because the administrator may later configure a
        # different restricted user while the installer-created profile remains.
        [PSCustomObject]@{
            UserName = 'SiteKiosk'
            Domain   = '.'
            Source   = 'SiteKiosk Classic user created by the installer'
        }
    )

    $usersBySid = @{}

    foreach ($candidate in $candidates) {
        $user = ConvertTo-ResolvedUser `
            -Candidate $candidate `
            -IgnoreResolutionFailure

        if ($null -eq $user) {
            continue
        }

        if (-not $usersBySid.ContainsKey($user.Sid)) {
            $usersBySid[$user.Sid] = $user
        }
        else {
            $existing = $usersBySid[$user.Sid]

            if ($existing.Sources -notcontains $candidate.Source) {
                $existing.Sources += $candidate.Source
            }
        }
    }

    return @($usersBySid.Values)
}


function Get-OrRepairProfilePath {
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string] $Sid,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string] $AccountName
    )

    # ProfileList is operating-system state. On a 64-bit system the native
    # 64-bit view is authoritative, regardless of which SiteKiosk edition
    # supplied the user account information.
    $registryView = if ([Environment]::Is64BitOperatingSystem) {
        [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryView]::Registry64
    }
    else {
        [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryView]::Registry32
    }
    $profileListPath = (
        'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList'
    )
    $baseKey = $null
    $profileListKey = $null
    $profileKey = $null
    $backupKey = $null

    try {
        $baseKey = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]::OpenBaseKey(
            [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryHive]::LocalMachine,
            $registryView
        )
        $profileListKey = $baseKey.OpenSubKey($profileListPath, $true)

        if ($null -eq $profileListKey) {
            throw 'The Windows ProfileList registry key could not be opened.'
        }

        $profileKey = $profileListKey.OpenSubKey($Sid, $false)
        $backupKey = $profileListKey.OpenSubKey("$Sid.bak", $false)

        if ($null -ne $profileKey -and $null -ne $backupKey) {
            throw (
                "Both ProfileList entries '$Sid' and '$Sid.bak' exist. " +
                'This state is ambiguous and was not modified.'
            )
        }

        $sourceKey = if ($null -ne $profileKey) {
            $profileKey
        }
        else {
            $backupKey
        }

        if ($null -eq $sourceKey) {
            # The account may never have had a profile.
            return $null
        }

        $rawPath = $sourceKey.GetValue(
            'ProfileImagePath',
            $null,
            [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions]::DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames
        ) -as [string]

        if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($rawPath)) {
            throw (
                "The ProfileList entry for $Sid does not contain " +
                'a ProfileImagePath value.'
            )
        }

        $profilePath = [Environment]::ExpandEnvironmentVariables($rawPath)

        if (-not [System.IO.Path]::IsPathRooted($profilePath)) {
            throw (
                "The ProfileList entry for $Sid contains a non-absolute " +
                "ProfileImagePath: $profilePath"
            )
        }

        if ($null -ne $profileKey) {
            return $profilePath
        }

        if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $profilePath -PathType Container)) {
            throw (
                "The .bak entry for $Sid refers to a missing profile " +
                "directory: $profilePath. This script cannot repair this " +
                'problem. Wait for a newer SiteKiosk installer that can ' +
                'create the required user profile.'
            )
        }

        if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath (Join-Path $profilePath 'NTUSER.DAT') -PathType Leaf)) {
            throw (
                "The .bak entry for $Sid refers to '$profilePath', but " +
                'NTUSER.DAT is missing. The registration was not restored.'
            )
        }

        if ($backupKey.SubKeyCount -ne 0) {
            throw (
                "The ProfileList .bak entry for $Sid contains unexpected " +
                'subkeys. The registration was not restored automatically.'
            )
        }

        $normalizedProfilePath = (
            [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($profilePath)
        ).TrimEnd('\')

        foreach ($otherKeyName in $profileListKey.GetSubKeyNames()) {
            if (
                $otherKeyName -ieq $Sid -or
                $otherKeyName -ieq "$Sid.bak"
            ) {
                continue
            }

            $otherKey = $null

            try {
                $otherKey = $profileListKey.OpenSubKey($otherKeyName, $false)

                if ($null -eq $otherKey) {
                    continue
                }

                $otherRawPath = $otherKey.GetValue(
                    'ProfileImagePath',
                    $null,
                    [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions]::
                        DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames
                ) -as [string]

                if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($otherRawPath)) {
                    continue
                }

                $otherProfilePath = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath(
                    [Environment]::ExpandEnvironmentVariables($otherRawPath)
                ).TrimEnd('\')

                if (
                    [string]::Equals(
                        $normalizedProfilePath,
                        $otherProfilePath,
                        [StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase
                    )
                ) {
                    throw (
                        "ProfileList entry '$otherKeyName' also refers to " +
                        "'$profilePath'. The .bak entry was not restored."
                    )
                }
            }
            finally {
                if ($null -ne $otherKey) {
                    $otherKey.Dispose()
                }
            }
        }

        $profileIsLoaded = Test-Path -LiteralPath "Registry::HKEY_USERS\$Sid"

        if ($profileIsLoaded -and -not $WhatIfPreference) {
            throw (
                "The profile of '$AccountName' is currently loaded. " +
                'Sign out the user before restoring its ProfileList entry.'
            )
        }

        if ($profileIsLoaded) {
            Write-RepairWarning (
                "The profile of '$AccountName' is currently loaded. " +
                'WhatIf will only preview the ProfileList repair.'
            )
        }

        $registryTarget = (
            "HKLM:\$profileListPath\$Sid.bak"
        )

        if (
            $PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess(
                $registryTarget,
                "Restore the regular ProfileList entry for $AccountName"
            )
        ) {
            if (Test-Path -LiteralPath "Registry::HKEY_USERS\$Sid") {
                throw (
                    "The profile of '$AccountName' was loaded while the " +
                    'repair was being prepared. Sign out the user and try again.'
                )
            }

            $lateProfileKey = $null

            try {
                $lateProfileKey = $profileListKey.OpenSubKey($Sid, $false)

                if ($null -ne $lateProfileKey) {
                    throw (
                        "A regular ProfileList entry for $Sid appeared while " +
                        'the repair was being prepared. Nothing was modified.'
                    )
                }
            }
            finally {
                if ($null -ne $lateProfileKey) {
                    $lateProfileKey.Dispose()
                }
            }

            Write-RepairHost (
                "Restoring ProfileList entry: $Sid.bak -> $Sid"
            )

            $newProfileKey = $null
            $destinationCreated = $false

            try {
                $newProfileKey = $profileListKey.CreateSubKey($Sid)

                if ($null -eq $newProfileKey) {
                    throw "Unable to create the ProfileList entry for $Sid."
                }

                $destinationCreated = $true

                foreach ($valueName in $backupKey.GetValueNames()) {
                    $value = $backupKey.GetValue(
                        $valueName,
                        $null,
                        [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions]::
                            DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames
                    )
                    $valueKind = $backupKey.GetValueKind($valueName)
                    $newProfileKey.SetValue($valueName, $value, $valueKind)
                }

                $newProfileKey.SetValue(
                    'State',
                    0,
                    [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord
                )
                $newProfileKey.SetValue(
                    'RefCount',
                    0,
                    [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord
                )
                $newProfileKey.Flush()

                $restoredRawPath = $newProfileKey.GetValue(
                    'ProfileImagePath',
                    $null,
                    [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions]::
                        DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames
                ) -as [string]

                if (-not [string]::Equals(
                    $rawPath,
                    $restoredRawPath,
                    [StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase
                )) {
                    throw 'The restored ProfileImagePath could not be verified.'
                }

                $newProfileKey.Dispose()
                $newProfileKey = $null
                $backupKey.Dispose()
                $backupKey = $null
                $profileListKey.DeleteSubKeyTree("$Sid.bak", $false)
            }
            catch {
                if ($null -ne $newProfileKey) {
                    $newProfileKey.Dispose()
                    $newProfileKey = $null
                }

                if ($destinationCreated) {
                    try {
                        $profileListKey.DeleteSubKeyTree($Sid, $false)
                    }
                    catch {
                        Write-RepairWarning (
                            "Rollback of the new ProfileList entry '$Sid' " +
                            'also failed. Inspect ProfileList manually.'
                        )
                    }
                }

                throw
            }
        }

        return $profilePath
    }
    finally {
        if ($null -ne $backupKey) {
            $backupKey.Dispose()
        }

        if ($null -ne $profileKey) {
            $profileKey.Dispose()
        }

        if ($null -ne $profileListKey) {
            $profileListKey.Dispose()
        }

        if ($null -ne $baseKey) {
            $baseKey.Dispose()
        }
    }
}


function Repair-DirectFileInheritance {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string] $Path,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier] $SecurityIdentifier
    )

    $security = [System.IO.Directory]::GetAccessControl(
        $Path,
        [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Access
    )
    $rules = @(
        $security.GetAccessRules(
            $true,
            $false,
            [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]
        ) | Where-Object {
            $_.IdentityReference -eq $SecurityIdentifier -and
            -not $_.IsInherited
        }
    )
    $requiredMask = [int] $script:requiredFileRights
    $requiredDirectoryMask = [int] $script:requiredDirectoryRights
    $changed = $false

    foreach ($rule in $rules) {
        $appliesToFiles = (
            $rule.InheritanceFlags -band
            [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]::ObjectInherit
        ) -ne 0
        $appliesToDirectory = (
            $rule.PropagationFlags -band
            [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::InheritOnly
        ) -eq 0

        if (
            $rule.AccessControlType -ne
                [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Deny
        ) {
            continue
        }

        $conflictingFileMask = if ($appliesToFiles) {
            ([int] $rule.FileSystemRights) -band $requiredMask
        }
        else {
            0
        }
        $conflictingDirectoryMask = if ($appliesToDirectory) {
            ([int] $rule.FileSystemRights) -band $requiredDirectoryMask
        }
        else {
            0
        }
        $conflictingMask = (
            $conflictingFileMask -bor $conflictingDirectoryMask
        )

        if ($conflictingMask -eq 0) {
            continue
        }

        [void] $security.RemoveAccessRuleSpecific($rule)
        $remainingMask = (
            [int] $rule.FileSystemRights
        ) -band (-bnot $requiredMask)

        if ($remainingMask -ne 0) {
            $security.AddAccessRule(
                [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule]::new(
                    $SecurityIdentifier,
                    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights] $remainingMask,
                    $rule.InheritanceFlags,
                    $rule.PropagationFlags,
                    [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Deny
                )
            )
        }

        $directoryOnlyMask = if ($appliesToDirectory) {
            $conflictingFileMask -band (-bnot $requiredDirectoryMask)
        }
        else {
            0
        }

        if ($directoryOnlyMask -ne 0) {
            $security.AddAccessRule(
                [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule]::new(
                    $SecurityIdentifier,
                    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights] $directoryOnlyMask,
                    [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Deny
                )
            )
        }

        $childDirectoryMask = if (
            ($rule.InheritanceFlags -band
                [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]::ContainerInherit
            ) -ne 0
        ) {
            $conflictingMask
        }
        else {
            0
        }

        if (
            $childDirectoryMask -ne 0
        ) {
            $childPropagation = (
                [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::InheritOnly -bor
                ($rule.PropagationFlags -band
                    [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::NoPropagateInherit
                )
            )
            $security.AddAccessRule(
                [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule]::new(
                    $SecurityIdentifier,
                    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights] $childDirectoryMask,
                    [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]::ContainerInherit,
                    $childPropagation,
                    [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Deny
                )
            )
        }

        $changed = $true
    }

    $allowedMask = 0

    foreach ($rule in $rules) {
        $isDirectFileRule = (
            $rule.AccessControlType -eq
                [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Allow -and
            ($rule.InheritanceFlags -band
                [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]::ObjectInherit
            ) -ne 0 -and
            ($rule.InheritanceFlags -band
                [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]::ContainerInherit
            ) -eq 0 -and
            ($rule.PropagationFlags -band
                [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::InheritOnly
            ) -ne 0 -and
            ($rule.PropagationFlags -band
                [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::NoPropagateInherit
            ) -ne 0
        )

        if ($isDirectFileRule) {
            $allowedMask = $allowedMask -bor [int] $rule.FileSystemRights
        }
    }

    $missingMask = $requiredMask -band (-bnot $allowedMask)

    if ($missingMask -ne 0) {
        # ObjectInherit without ContainerInherit targets files only;
        # NoPropagateInherit limits the rule to this directory level.
        $security.AddAccessRule(
            [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule]::new(
                $SecurityIdentifier,
                [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights] $missingMask,
                [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]::ObjectInherit,
                (
                    [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::InheritOnly -bor
                    [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::NoPropagateInherit
                ),
                [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Allow
            )
        )

        $changed = $true
    }

    $allowedDirectoryMask = 0

    foreach ($rule in $rules) {
        $appliesToDirectory = (
            $rule.PropagationFlags -band
            [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::InheritOnly
        ) -eq 0

        if (
            $rule.AccessControlType -eq
                [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Allow -and
            $appliesToDirectory
        ) {
            $allowedDirectoryMask = (
                $allowedDirectoryMask -bor [int] $rule.FileSystemRights
            )
        }
    }

    $missingDirectoryMask = (
        $requiredDirectoryMask -band (-bnot $allowedDirectoryMask)
    )

    if ($missingDirectoryMask -ne 0) {
        $security.AddAccessRule(
            [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule]::new(
                $SecurityIdentifier,
                [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights] $missingDirectoryMask,
                [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Allow
            )
        )

        $changed = $true
    }

    if ($changed) {
        [System.IO.Directory]::SetAccessControl($Path, $security)
    }
}


function Repair-ProfileFile {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [System.IO.FileInfo] $File,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier] $SecurityIdentifier
    )

    if (
        ($File.Attributes -band [System.IO.FileAttributes]::ReadOnly) -ne 0
    ) {
        $File.Attributes = (
            $File.Attributes -band (-bnot [System.IO.FileAttributes]::ReadOnly)
        )
    }

    $security = [System.IO.File]::GetAccessControl(
        $File.FullName,
        [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Access
    )
    $explicitRules = @(
        $security.GetAccessRules(
            $true,
            $false,
            [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]
        ) | Where-Object {
            $_.IdentityReference -eq $SecurityIdentifier -and
            -not $_.IsInherited
        }
    )
    $requiredMask = [int] $script:requiredFileRights
    $changed = $false

    foreach ($rule in $explicitRules) {
        if (
            $rule.AccessControlType -ne
                [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Deny
        ) {
            continue
        }

        $conflictingMask = ([int] $rule.FileSystemRights) -band $requiredMask

        if ($conflictingMask -eq 0) {
            continue
        }

        [void] $security.RemoveAccessRuleSpecific($rule)
        $remainingMask = (
            [int] $rule.FileSystemRights
        ) -band (-bnot $requiredMask)

        if ($remainingMask -ne 0) {
            $security.AddAccessRule(
                [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule]::new(
                    $SecurityIdentifier,
                    [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights] $remainingMask,
                    $rule.AccessControlType
                )
            )
        }

        $changed = $true
    }

    $allowedMask = 0
    $allowRules = $security.GetAccessRules(
        $true,
        $true,
        [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]
    ) | Where-Object {
        $_.IdentityReference -eq $SecurityIdentifier -and
        $_.AccessControlType -eq
            [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Allow
    }

    foreach ($rule in $allowRules) {
        $allowedMask = $allowedMask -bor [int] $rule.FileSystemRights
    }

    $missingMask = $requiredMask -band (-bnot $allowedMask)

    if ($missingMask -ne 0) {
        $security.AddAccessRule(
            [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule]::new(
                $SecurityIdentifier,
                [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights] $missingMask,
                [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Allow
            )
        )

        $changed = $true
    }

    if ($changed) {
        [System.IO.File]::SetAccessControl($File.FullName, $security)
    }
}


function Repair-SiteKioskProfile {
    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [PSCustomObject] $User
    )

    Write-RepairHost ''
    Write-RepairHost '----------------------------------------'
    Write-RepairHost "Sources: $($User.Sources -join ', ')"
    Write-RepairHost "User:    $($User.Domain)\$($User.UserName)"
    Write-RepairHost "SID:     $($User.Sid)"

    $profilePath = Get-OrRepairProfilePath `
        -Sid $User.Sid `
        -AccountName "$($User.Domain)\$($User.UserName)"

    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($profilePath)) {
        throw (
            'No user profile exists for this account yet. This script cannot ' +
            'repair this problem. Wait for a newer SiteKiosk installer that ' +
            'can create the required user profile.'
        )
    }

    Write-RepairHost "Profile: $profilePath"

    if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $profilePath -PathType Container)) {
        throw (
            "The registered user profile does not exist: $profilePath. " +
            'This script cannot repair this problem. Wait for a newer ' +
            'SiteKiosk installer that can create the required user profile.'
        )
    }

    if (
        (Test-Path -LiteralPath "Registry::HKEY_USERS\$($User.Sid)") -and
        -not $WhatIfPreference
    ) {
        throw (
            "The profile of '$($User.Domain)\$($User.UserName)' " +
            'is currently loaded. Sign out the user and run the ' +
            'script again.'
        )
    }

    if (Test-Path -LiteralPath "Registry::HKEY_USERS\$($User.Sid)") {
        Write-RepairWarning (
            "The profile of '$($User.Domain)\$($User.UserName)' is " +
            'currently loaded. WhatIf will only preview the repair.'
        )
    }

    $locations = @(
        $profilePath,
        (Join-Path $profilePath 'AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows')
    )

    $files = foreach ($location in $locations) {
        if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $location -PathType Container) {
            Get-ChildItem `
                -LiteralPath $location `
                -Force `
                -File
        }
    }

    $files = @($files | Sort-Object FullName -Unique)

    # NTUSER.DAT and UsrClass.dat may not exist yet. Repair all files that are
    # present without treating missing profile hive files as an error.
    $securityIdentifier = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new(
        $User.Sid
    )

    foreach ($location in $locations) {
        if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $location -PathType Container)) {
            continue
        }

        if (
            $PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess(
                $location,
                'Repair access inheritance for direct profile files'
            )
        ) {
            Write-RepairHost "Repairing direct-file inheritance: $location"
            Repair-DirectFileInheritance `
                -Path $location `
                -SecurityIdentifier $securityIdentifier
        }
    }

    foreach ($file in $files) {
        if (
            $PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess(
                $file.FullName,
                'Repair user profile permissions'
            )
        ) {
            Write-RepairHost "Repairing: $($file.FullName)"
            Repair-ProfileFile `
                -File $file `
                -SecurityIdentifier $securityIdentifier
        }
    }
}


Initialize-RepairLog
if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($repairLogPath)) {
    Write-RepairHost "Log file: $repairLogPath"
}

try {
    if (-not (Test-RunningElevated)) {
        throw (
            'Administrator privileges are required. Open PowerShell with ' +
            '"Run as administrator" and execute the script again.'
        )
    }

    $users = @(
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'Explicit') {
            ConvertTo-ResolvedUser -Candidate ([PSCustomObject]@{
                UserName = $UserName
                Domain   = $Domain
                Source   = 'Explicitly specified user'
            })
        }
        else {
            Get-SiteKioskUsers
        }
    )

    if ($users.Count -eq 0) {
        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'Explicit') {
            throw "The specified account '$Domain\$UserName' was not found."
        }
        else {
            throw (
                'No configured SiteKiosk Online user, installer-created SiteKiosk Online ' +
                'user, restricted SiteKiosk Classic user, or installer-created ' +
                'SiteKiosk Classic user was found.'
            )
        }
    }

    $failedUsers = @()

    foreach ($user in $users) {
        try {
            Repair-SiteKioskProfile -User $user
        }
        catch {
            $failedUsers += $user

            Write-RepairError (
                "The repair failed for '$($user.Domain)\$($user.UserName)': " +
                $_.Exception.Message
            )
        }
    }

    if ($failedUsers.Count -gt 0) {
        throw (
            "The repair failed for $($failedUsers.Count) user profile(s)."
        )
    }

    Write-RepairHost ''
    Write-RepairHost 'All requested user profiles have been processed.'

    if ($Restart) {
        $computerName = if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($env:COMPUTERNAME)) {
            'the local computer'
        }
        else {
            $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        if ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($computerName, 'Restart computer')) {
            Write-RepairHost "Restarting computer '$computerName'."
            Restart-Computer -Force -Confirm:$false
        }
        else {
            Write-RepairHost "The requested restart of '$computerName' was not performed."
        }
    }
}
catch {
    if (-not $script:repairErrorWasLogged) {
        Write-RepairLog -Level ERROR -Message $_.Exception.ToString()
    }

    throw
}